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Sinharaja Rainforest
Sinharaja is Sri Lanka’s last remaining primary lowland rainforest and is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve due to its high endemism. Many bird species in the island’s endemic mixed feeding flocks are recorded only in this region. The dense canopy and layered vegetation create a unique ecological structure rarely found elsewhere. Access is restricted to reduce ecological impact, making conservation a central focus.
Yala National Park
Yala is known for its high density of leopards relative to its land area, making it one of the most studied leopard habitats in Asia. The park contains a mixture of dry zone forest, grasslands, and coastal lagoons that support diverse wildlife. Archaeological sites from ancient civilisations are scattered throughout the region. Seasonal water patterns influence animal movement and viewing opportunities.
Wasgamuwa National Park
Wasgamuwa lies within the intermediate zone and supports a combination of dry and wet zone species. The park is known for its elephant herds and serves as part of a major elephant corridor. Ruins from the ancient Kingdom of Polonnaruwa are located within the park boundaries. Its varied terrain includes riverbanks, scrublands, and forest patches that contribute to ecological diversity.
Minneriya National Park
Minneriya is recognised for the seasonal gathering of elephants near Minneriya Tank, a significant dry season water source. The park’s ecosystem is influenced by ancient irrigation systems developed by early Sri Lankan kings. Grasslands and scrub forests support a variety of herbivores and bird species. The annual elephant movement patterns link Minneriya with nearby parks within the same ecological corridor.
Wilpattu National Park
Wilpattu is the largest national park in Sri Lanka and is characterised by natural sand rimmed lakes known as villus. These villus create important feeding grounds for wildlife during different seasons. The park supports a range of species, including leopard, sloth bear, and wetland birds. It has a long history of archaeological relevance due to ancient settlements in the area.